1. Services & Networking - Services Services & Networking - Services
You have an existing Nginx pod named nginx-pod. Perform the following steps:
Expose the nginx-pod internally within the cluster using a Service named nginx-service .
Use port forwarding to service to access the Welcome content of nginx-pod using the curl command.
# @author D瓜哥 · https://www.diguage.com $ kubectl get pod --show-labels NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE LABELS nginx-pod 1/1 Running 0 8m48s app=nginx $ cat svc.yaml apiVersion: v1 kind: Service metadata: name: nginx-service spec: selector: app: nginx ports: - name: http protocol: TCP port: 80 targetPort: 80 $ kubectl apply -f svc.yaml service/nginx-service created $ kubectl port-forward service/nginx-service 8081:80 Forwarding from 127.0.0.1:8081 -> 80 Forwarding from [::1]:8081 -> 80 Handling connection for 8081 # 打开另外一个终端 $ curl localhost:8081 <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>Welcome to nginx!</title> <style> html { color-scheme: light dark; } body { width: 35em; margin: 0 auto; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; } </style> </head> <body> <h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1> <p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and working. Further configuration is required.</p> <p>For online documentation and support please refer to <a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/> Commercial support is available at <a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p> <p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p> </body> </html>
1. Architecture, Installation & Maintenance - Create Pod Architecture, Installation & Maintenance - Create Pod
Create a pod called sleep-pod using the nginx image and also sleep (using command ) for give any value for seconds.
# @author D瓜哥 · https://www.diguage.com $ cat nginx.yaml apiVersion: v1 kind: Pod metadata: name: sleep-pod spec: containers: - name: nginx image: nginx command: - sleep - "3600" $ kubectl apply -f nginx.yaml pod/sleep-pod created $ kubectl get pod NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE sleep-pod 1/1 Running 0 5s
在 基于 Docker 搭建开发环境（三）：链路追踪 等几篇文章中，D瓜哥分享了如何使用 Docker Compose 在本地搭建起来一套应用可观测性环境。感觉还不够好玩，毕竟正在在企业中，Kubernetes 已经是绝对的主流。要玩就玩最具挑战性的东西，玩最符合企业所需的技能和工具。所以，打算将上面那套简易玩具，按照企业级的要求，搬到 Kubernetes 上去。
如果想玩 Kubernetes，首先面临的一个问题就是 Kubernetes 集群的搭建。本来是一个非常简单的事情，但是由于众所周知的原因，变得非常具有挑战性。经过各种探索和多次试验，发现一种“离线”安装方式，感觉是一个不错的方式。
本方法是基于 Kubespray 的一种安装办法，Kubespray 是由 Kubernetes SIG 小组来负责维护的一整套安装方式。既可以支持在裸机环境上安装，也支持云上环境安装。而且，只需要简单几行可以复制粘贴的命令，即可完成安装工作。非常适合入门玩耍使用。
本安装方法所需的软件，D瓜哥都已经上传到 GitHub，如果需要下载，请移步： Kubespray-2.26.0 安装包大全。
搭建服务器集群 这里推荐使用 Vagrant 搭建集群。搭配 VirtualBox，只需要一个配置文件，就可以轻轻松松搭建一个 Linux 服务器集群。搭建集群的配置文件 Vagrantfile 如下：
# -*- mode: ruby -*- # vi: set ft=ruby : # @author D瓜哥 · https://www.diguage.com/ # All Vagrant configuration is done below. The "2" in Vagrant.configure # configures the configuration version (we support older styles for # backwards compatibility). Please don't change it unless you know what # you're doing. Vagrant.configure("2") do |config| # The most common configuration options are documented and commented below. # For a complete reference, please see the online documentation at # https://docs.vagrantup.com. # 三节点集群 (1..3).each do |i| config.vm.define "node#{i}" do |node| # Every Vagrant development environment requires a box. You can search for # boxes at https://vagrantcloud.com/search. node.vm.box = "ubuntu2404" # 设置虚拟机的主机名 node.vm.hostname = "node#{i}" config.vm.boot_timeout = 600 # Disable automatic box update checking. If you disable this, then # boxes will only be checked for updates when the user runs # `vagrant box outdated`. This is not recommended. # config.vm.box_check_update = false # Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port # within the machine from a port on the host machine. In the example below, # accessing "localhost:8080" will access port 80 on the guest machine. # NOTE: This will enable public access to the opened port # config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080 # Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port # within the machine from a port on the host machine and only allow access # via 127.0.0.1 to disable public access # config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080, host_ip: "127.0.0.1" # Create a private network, which allows host-only access to the machine # using a specific IP. # 设置虚拟机的IP node.vm.network "private_network", ip: "10.0.2.#{20+i}", auto_config: true # Create a public network, which generally matched to bridged network. # Bridged networks make the machine appear as another physical device on # your network. # config.vm.network "public_network" # Share an additional folder to the guest VM. The first argument is # the path on the host to the actual folder. The second argument is # the path on the guest to mount the folder. And the optional third # argument is a set of non-required options. # 设置主机与虚拟机的共享目录，根据需要开启 node.vm.synced_folder "/path/to/#{i}", "/data" # Disable the default share of the current code directory. Doing this # provides improved isolation between the vagrant box and your host # by making sure your Vagrantfile isn't accessible to the vagrant box. # If you use this you may want to enable additional shared subfolders as # shown above. # config.vm.synced_folder ".", "/vagrant", disabled: true # Provider-specific configuration so you can fine-tune various # backing providers for Vagrant. These expose provider-specific options. # Example for VirtualBox: node.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb| # 设置虚拟机的名称 # vb.name = "node#{i}" # if node.vm.hostname == "node1" # # Display the VirtualBox GUI when booting the machine # vb.gui = true # end # Customize the amount of memory on the VM: vb.memory = "6144" # 设置虚拟机的CPU个数 vb.cpus = 2 end # View the documentation for the provider you are using for more # information on available options. # Enable provisioning with a shell script. Additional provisioners such as # Ansible, Chef, Docker, Puppet and Salt are also available. Please see the # documentation for more information about their specific syntax and use. # config.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL # sudo yum makecache --refresh # sudo yum install -y tcpdump # sudo yum install -y nc # sudo yum install -y net-tools # SHELL end end end
